'Summary: The African continent'

'\nIn the fresh 18th - advance(prenominal) nineteenth century. begins content of South Africa, which was the beginning researcher to incline traveller J. Barrow. In 1835 E. Smith surveyed Limpopo River, in 1868 C. Ernskayn passed its tributary Olifants.\ngeographic and geological take in of the Blue Nile washbowl conducted in 1847-48 Russian travel EP Kovalevsky, the number one of the Russian traveler, set forth Abyssinia. In the mid-19th century. in the basin of the dust coat Nile, a French (A. de Lena Belfona and DAr non) and German shipment (F. Vernet). The highest point of championship Kilimanjaro mainland capable in 1848-49 German missionaries Krapf and I. I. Rebman. British pilgrimage J. Spica and RF Burton in 1856-59 spy Lake Tanganyika. In 1858, Lake capital of Seychelles J. Speke find subsequent (1860-63) established jointly with J. Grant that from this lake originates River Nile.\n enormous contribution to the guinea pig of Africa introduced the Scottis h traveler D. Livingston, in 1849 discover Lake Ngami, the set-back Europeans track South Africa from western United States to east (1853-56), concurrently surveying a significant subtract of the Zambezi River Basin and rise the worlds largest Victoria move (1855 ). In 1867-71 he analyze the southerly and western shores of Lake Tanganyika, sight Lake Bangweulu. In Europe, the expedition Livingstone considered missing and went looking at for him journalist GM Stanley, who met with Livingston in 1871 on Lake Tanganyika. Then they examined on the northern protrude of the lake and found that it is not connected with the Nile. some other expedition in search of Livingstone in 1873 led the face seaman and adventurer VL Cameron. However, his help was slow up unnecessarily by the time Livingston died of a fever. Cameron continued the expedition and reached Lake Tanganyika in 1874 and opened its stock - Lukuga River.\nStudies conducted Sahara German travelers G. Rohlfs, in 1 865-67 the archetypal Europeans crossed Africa from the shores of the Mediterranean (Tripoli) to the Gulf of greaseball (Lagos), and G. Nachtigal, performed the 1869-74 campaign in the area of ​​Lake Chad. He was the first European to reach the highlands WADA and self-collected extensive info on the personality and population of the backwoods of Central Africa. subsequently he publish a trey-volume spiel Sahara and Sudan (1879-89). Russian biologist, atomic number 101 and traveler AV Elisha in 1881, small-arm still a student, he went to Egypt and traveled up the Nile to Siuta, and then two months of stray in Arabia. lead years by and by he once again visited Africa, from Tripoli, he locomote to Algeria, was the Sahara, was in Morocco, and has produce many geographical works, including and about Africa. Russian traveler VV Juncker in 1876-78 made a long voyage to Central Africa, during which he held the geographic and ethnographical observation, expla ined the origins of the hydrography of the river White Nile. In the next expedition in 1879-86 he explored the watershed of the rivers Nile and the Congo, and the government issues of their observations summarized in the book Travels in Africa (1877-78 and 1879-86) (1949). In 1896-1900 three visits to Ethiopia, Russian traveler AK Bulatovic spent jibe slaboizuchennyh south-western and western regions of the country, the first Europeans crossed the hilly region of Kaffa. ground of modern Angola and Mozambique studied Portuguese AA Serpa Pinto (1877-79), who discovered the sources of the rivers Cunene and Cubango, E. Brito Capelo and R. Ivensh (1877-79), crossed the untarnished from west to east.\nAs a result of geographical research to the late 19th century. were studied intravenous feeding great African rivers: the Nile, Niger, Congo and Zambezi. In the early twentieth century. revealed vast inbred resources of the African continent.'